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According to the Ministry of environmental protection of the national environmental protection "45" plan ", China in the period of 45, will establish a improvement of environmental quality and pollutant total control of the dual system, implementation of the atmosphere, water, soil pollution prevention and control plan, three ecological systems all factors management; in both conventional pollutants total amount control based, the new pollutants total amount control focus on specific regions and industries; air quality of the implementation of the partition, classification management, by 2020, PM2.5 exceeded 30% within the city is expected to take the lead in annual average concentration of PM2.5 standards.

No PPP is difficult to complete the task of environmental protection "13th Five-Year"

"If there is no PPP, no new financial instruments, there is no social capital to enter the field of environmental protection, it will be difficult to realize '45' environmental protection task." State Environmental Protection Department of planning and financial secretary Zhao Hualin held in July, the 2015 summer Industry Investment Summit, said. Zhao Hualin say this is due to the completion of the "13th Five-Year" environmental protection tasks require 10 trillion or more funds. Relevant data show that for China's environmental protection budget at about 2000 million, during the "12th Five Year Plan" period "atmospheric pollution prevention and control plan of action" and the water pollution prevention action plan required budget is already close to 8 trillion. It is estimated that in the future to hundreds of thousands or even 20 trillion to basically solve the "13th Five-Year" task environment. In fact, China's economy has entered a period of rapid development, this year, the downward pressure on the economy, the central government revenue slowed, by the central government can not meet the financial needs of environmental governance. So, we must open up the environmental protection market, the PPP model will be applied to the environmental protection industry up.

The reason to create opportunities for social capital moves, is not only the government own wishful thinking -- now, social funds lack of investment channels and everywhere guerrilla -- it is well known that after 30 years of reform and opening up, our country folk capital get huge accumulation. If you can make more private capital flows into the environmental protection industry, not only to ease the financing problems of environmental protection industry, but also to make full use of capital. So, how to guide social capital into the field of environmental protection, Zhao Hualin believes that the government should improve the innovation of financial instruments. "The government to take the lead in the establishment of environmental protection industry capital pool, not only requires lending speed, but also lower than the interest rate of the bank, so that it will attract a lot of attention to the need for financial enterprises. At the same time taking into account the interests of the parties to the good. In this way, the government funding will play a role in the pool of funds, the government invested 100 million yuan can drive local or social capital inflows of 1 billion yuan of funds." In addition, Zhao Hualin also revealed that the Ministry of environmental protection is trying to establish a national environmental protection fund, designed to enhance the efficiency of the use of funds, but also increase the rate of return on investment funds.

Innovation PPP environmental protection fund can achieve a win-win situation

Renmin University of China, deputy director of the financial ecology center LAN Hong said, the environmental protection industry involved in the project is very complex, public welfare and market, the low profit of environmental protection projects facing great challenges, particularly in terms of financing. Blue rainbow believes that the innovation of the PPP environmental protection fund can achieve the government capital, social capital and environmental protection business interests of the three parties to win. PPP environmental protection fund has 3 levels. Blue rainbow is introduced one by one.

One is the PPP model of a single environmental protection project. The production of the PPP model of a single environmental protection project is accompanied with the development of the construction of the infrastructure. At present, the sewage treatment plant and garbage incineration power plant is the basic use of this single PPP model to carry out the project financing. Central government and governments at all levels to increase capital investment, encourage the implementation of PPP model, greatly promoting the construction of urban environmental infrastructure. However, there are some urgent problems to be solved in this model, the most important one is the lack of adjustment mechanism of environmental service price.

Two is the PPP model of environmental protection industry fund. PPP model of environmental protection industry fund refers to the financial capital to participate in the market environment protection industry fund, used to focus on supporting and guiding its investment in environmental protection enterprises and industries. In the composition of the fund, the proportion of financial funds is not high, so the government does not as a major partner to enter the fund's management institutions, but only as a limited partner. The reason is that such funds can only be invested in companies not listed, but also in the concept of the enterprise, which greatly increased the risk of investment. Financial funds in which to play a leading role, to support more wind investment funds to invest in environmental protection and other related industries. At present, China has been the pilot of the PPP model of environmental protection industry fund is the foundation of soil remediation industry.

Three is the PPP model area or watershed environmental protection fund. Is not a single project in PPP mode of regional environmental protection funds corresponding, but a project package, project package divided into high, and low profit project, contain items from many industries, the industrial chain can dovetail with each other and mutual echo, low profit projects and high profit item bundled together, so that the low profit of environmental protection projects can through the industrial chain echo each other's design to reduce risk, improve project package overall revenue. The fund is actually the entire watershed or regional environmental protection as a big project and distribution inside the industry chain as a sub project, various industrial chain echo each other, so that the original is not profitable environmental protection projects, by compound industrial chain design method make the entire project package, total revenue reached can attract social capital level. PPP model of regional or watershed environmental protection fund, has been used in foreign countries, but in China is still in the pilot phase, mainly used in eco city construction or watershed protection.

For the three levels of application of PPP mode, LAN Hong said that three levels each have pros and cons and targeted, but whether it is a model which, in the country's financial slowdown, in terms of low profit environmental protection industry projects can be regarded as can study and in practice continue to mature methods and models.

Need to solve the problem of mechanism construction

Although the public about the potential of the PPP model in the field of environmental protection, but due to the long on environmental expertise lack of understanding, environmental protection enterprises exist valuation is not high, so this to private capital inflow to form a barrier. Environmental Planning Institute deputy director of public finance and investment consulting department Lu Yuan Tang agree. He said that China's environmental protection investment and financing is the main challenge, is a large number of social capital and environmental protection demand is difficult to integrate, cooperation in the field of PPP is not clear, the lack of a stable return on investment mechanism, market norms of justice is not strong, risk prevention mechanism, guiding mechanism is not perfect etc. problem constraints so that they is difficult to find a breakthrough and the fusion point. Where in the end the problem is always bothering them. So, it should be how to promote it? In order to alleviate this situation, for the specific measures to promote environmental protection of PPP, Lu Yuan Tang proposed four measures and suggestions.

First of all, we should build a return on investment mechanism. To improve user pay system, including some value, rights and interests of the ownership and the transaction flow and cash flow can be formed the, to form the future return on investment of the project. And establish a unified, fair and equitable market environment. Through a number of market mechanisms, including the improvement of the bidding system, to achieve the construction of a fair and impartial market environment. Secondly, improve the social capital investment risk prevention mechanism. Including the full demonstration of some homogeneous, the same type of projects and avoid future brought by competing risks; through the promotion of the third party, to the project implementation to provide advisory services and risk identification. Again, to encourage environmental financial services innovation. Establish the normalization of the channel, the environmental protection PPP project to improve the credit line and improve the credit rating. Finally, to strengthen the implementation of supervision and responsibility, to establish a performance evaluation mechanism, the future of the subsidy mechanism for social capital, to be considered as a measure of performance or an important aspect of the impact of payment.

In addition to the above 4 aspects of the problem, Beijing Energy Co., Ltd. Bai Yunfeng, chairman, said the lack of talent pool is also a barrier to restrict the development of environmental protection industry. "A lot of environmental engineering in college is to train the students not to engineering practice mainly, but the environmental protection industry needs is not only active hand drawing, and can carry out the project, to engage in research and development of professional talents, but at the present stage in our country lack the talent." Bai Yunfeng said.

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